Kappa Shader

Kappa Shader
Project Page	https://rre36.com/kappa-shader
Latest Version	4.0
Last Updated	2021-04-11
Visual Style	Realistic
Performance Cost	High
License	Custom

The Kappa Shader is the high-end shaderpack in the lineup and tries to deliver the most appealing results without resorting to complex techniques like voxelisation. It is generally considered a realistic shaderpack, although it takes its own shortcuts and liberties due to which it is by no means accurate in the sense of exactly recreating real life lighting configurations.

Key Features

Kappa Shader is known for its advanced and fairly unique Volumetric Clouds, which have been a cornerstone of its atmospherics and outdoor-visuals for a couple of major versions now.

Version 3.0 introduced Screenspace Path Tracing (SSPT), which is used for light emission and reflection to allow for a wider variety of lighting colors within the screenspace limitations.

Configuration Guide

This section covers configuration setups for common scenarios.

Resourcepack Support

Kappa Shader supports material rendering that is driven by the resourcepack, which includes specular reflections, normalmaps and parallax occlusion mapping (also known as POM). This works best with resource packs which support physically based materials (as part of Physically Based Rendering (PBR)) through the labPBR Standard. This enables the usage of:

• Rough or smooth specular reflections depending on the material
• Added perceived depth and object detail through normalmaps
• Illusion of detailed material geometry through POM (crevices on bricks for example)

Before proceeding with the steps below, make sure that both "Normal Maps" and "Specular Maps" are On in the shaderpack selection screen. You will get visual issues if one or both of them are off!

Enabling Normalmap-Support

1. Make sure your resource pack has Normalmaps
2. In the Kappa Shader Options: Terrain > Normalmaps: On
3. In the Kappa Shader Options: Lighting > Directional Lightmaps: On

Enabling Parallax Occlusion Mapping

1. Make sure your resource pack supports POM
2. In Kappa Shader Options: Terrain > Parallax Occlusion Mapping > Enable: On

Enabling Resourcepack Reflections

1. Ensure that your resourcepack supports materials as defined by the labPBR standard
2. In the Kappa Shader Options: Terrain > Reflections > Resourcepack Reflections: On

Performance Tweaks

Choose a Profile from the 5 pre-defined profiles which provide the simplest starting point for configuring Kappa shader options for your hardware, found in the first level Shader Options menu:

1. Low (Doesn't usually work with intel, try medium)
2. Medium
3. High
4. Ultra (Default)
5. Extreme

Simply chose the profile which you think matches your hardware by clicking on the Profile button to cycle through the options. Then click 'Done' to apply. The Ultra and Extreme profiles are demanding at higher monitor resolutions and Minecraft render distances, and require high-end PC hardware.

If your selected profile doesn't allow you to achieve your desired frame-rate consider moving to the next lower profile.

Once you have a baseline profile that matches your hardware you can use the information in this Wiki to fine-tune the visual quality and performance settings.

Common Questions

This is a list of frequently asked questions and their answers

Q: Items in my hand and certain objects (chests, beds, maps) look weird, with visual glitches. How do I fix that?
This can occur when Parallax Occlusion Mapping is enabled and the resource pack and the optifine version used don't interpret the normal map correctly.
To fix it try Shader Options > Terrain > Vertex Attribute Fix : On

Q: How do I get the best clouds?

A: Clouds are configured in their own sub-section of the Atmosphere settings.
Cumulus clouds are the lower 'fluffy' clouds and Cirrus clouds are the higher 'wispy' clouds. For maximum visual effect both should be enabled, as should cloud shadows.
However there is some performance cost, particularly for Cumulus (volumetric) clouds and cloud shadows, so you may need to experiment to optimise for your hardware.
Have Temporal Upscaling: On -> then Reducing the 'Target Resolution' slider can help improve frame rate for marginal reduction in visual quality.

• To enable cumulus volumetric 'fluffy' clouds: Atmosphere > Clouds > Volumetric Clouds > Enabled: On
• To enable cirrus planar 'wispy' clouds: Atmosphere > Clouds > Planar Clouds > Cirrus Clouds: On
• To get the full range of color effects at sunrise and sunset check Atmosphere > Sky > Accurate Transmittance: On

Q: How do I get path tracing / ray tracing?

Q: At night-time lights are very bright from light sources (such as torches or lanterns). Is there a way to adjust that?

A: The bright lights in the night are a feature of Kappa, RRe36 chose to make the lighting quite dynamic.
However, if you want to tone down the effect, try:

• Lighting > Colors > Blocklight strength – reduce to 0.75
• Lighting > Colors > Blocklight temperature - reduce to 3000 to make the light a bit more yellow and not so cold white
• Camera > Bloom > Strength – reduce to 0.5
• Camera > Exposure > Bright Limit - increase to 1.5

Some experimentation may be required to adjust to your liking.

Q: Minecraft is running slow, how can I speed up the frame-rate?

Full Settings Documentation

These are all available settings of this shaderpack. They are ordered by (sub-)screen as they are accessible in-game. This list is only accommodating the latest release, with eventual overlaps with older versions.

Atmosphere

Settings that control the visual appearance of atmospheric effects, which includes atmosphere properties, clouds and water.

Rainbows	Allows you to enable or disable the appearance of rainbows after rainy weather. Comes at virtually no performance cost.
Sun Path Angle	This setting allows you to control the rotation angle of the sun over the course of the day. Greater values allow you to mimic the sun angles of places that are further away from the equator.
World Time Animation	This option makes atmospherics be animated using the world time. This applies to clouds, fog and water and allows you to get the same visual results across multiple players on a server for example.
Air Coefficients
Rayleigh Color and Density Controls	These settings control the tint and overall density of molecules causing rayleigh scattering to happen (the thing that makes the sky blue and the sun red at sunrise/-set in layman's terms). Changing the tint allows you to simulate a different kind of atmosphere with a different response to sunlight.
Mie Color and Density Controls	These controls allow you change the tint and intensity of mie scattering, which is caused by molecules that are large enough to scatter light virtually identical regardless of its wavelength.
Ozone Color and Density Controls	These settings let you control the tint and intensity of light absorption caused by ozone in the air. Higher intensities can also be helpful to achieve more vibrant sunrises and -sets.
Mist Color and Density Controls	These settings allow you to tint and scale the volumetric mist you can observe at sunrise and night.
Clouds
Target Resolution	This controls the resolution the clouds are internally rendered at (when using temporal upscaling). Directly affects performance cost of clouds, which means that higher values are more expensive to run.
Temporal Upscaling	This allows you to enable Temporal Checkerboard Upscaling on the clouds, which vastly improves their performance at the cost of a minor loss of visual fidelity.
Cloud Reflections	This allows you to enable or disable the rendering of clouds in reflections (most commonly water). Comes at a small performance cost.
Cloud Shadows	This enables the clouds to cast shadows onto terrain and fog, leading to much more authentic and atmospheric lighting. Comes at a moderate performance cost.
Volumeteric Clouds	Settings for the Volumetric Clouds, which are the "fluffy" cumulus clouds [still to resolve: how to signify a level 3 menu in these tables]
Planar Clouds	Settings for the higher altitude "wispy" cirrus clouds which are not volumetric and have a minimal performance cost
Fog
Volumetric Fog
Adaptive Steps
Density
Mist Altitude
Mist Mie Anisotropy
Advanced Mist Shading
Maximum Distance
Sea Level
Mist Falloff
Mist Lighting Steps
Fog Smoothing
Double Pass Smoothing	[Can cause artefacts - may need fixing? leave it disabled]
Sky
Scattering Iterations
Airmass Iterations
Illuminance Strength
Multiscattering Strength
Accurate Transmittance	'On' to have the Air Coefficients apply to light travelling through the air. Gives the sky and mist more colorful effects, for a mild performance cost. 'Off' removes these atmospheric colour and mist filters and is faster.
Alternative Ozone Curve
Water
Water Volume Controls	Water Volume 'On' models light rays passing through water, particularly when player is submerged, an effect similar to "God-rays" in the out-doors, but can introduce some noise into the image. Can fix water glowing in shade in some resource packs. Water Volume 'Off' renders water in a simpler, clearer, faster and less realistic way.
Water Color and Scattering Controls
Wave Controls
Nether
Nether Smoke Enabled
Nether Smoke Density
Nether Smoke Emission
Nether Smoke Emission Multiplier
Nether Smoke Density
End
End Smoke Glow
End Smoke Glow Dynamic
End Smoke Glow Strength

Lighting

Settings that allow adjustment to the properties of light and shadow.
Enabling Directional Lightmaps is recommended when using PBR resource packs with Normal textures.
Colors has settings for the intensity and color of daylight, moonlight and torchlight
Direct Light is mostly concerned with shadow properties.
Indirect Light is where you find controls for smooth lighting, Screen Space Path Tracing (SSPT) and emission mode.

Directional Lightmaps	Only applicable for Resource Packs with PBR and Normal Map enabled. 'On' for higher quality 3D detail at some performance cost (recommended). 'Off' reduces render quality and increases frame-rate.
Colors
Sunlight Controls
Moonlight Controls
Skylight Controls
Blocklight Strength	Adjusts the perceived brightness of emitting blocks (torches, lanterns, bonfires, etc). Does not effect game rules dependent on light levels. Reduce this if you think lights are too bright relative to the dark.
Blocklight Temperature	The color temperature of emitting blocks. Lower values give a warmer orange light, higher values a colder white light
Min Ambient Light	Effects exposure in dark spaces. Reducing the value makes shadows and dark spaces darker. Increasing the value gives better night vision.
Direct Light
Shadowmap Resolution	The resolution of the shadow map. Lower values give coarser shadows and faster performance. Higher Values give more detailed and crisp shadows with some performance cost
Variable Penumbra Shadows	'Off' for faster simpler shadows. 'On' for more realistic shadow edges with a soft penumbra effect - most relevant for sunlight shadows
vpsSize	Slider to make the variable penumbra shadows effect area larger or smaller
Filter Iterations
Contact Shadows	'On' ensures there is no gap between objects and their shadows (recommended). 'Off' may be faster but can leave a shadow gap glitch.
Subsurface Scatter	Setting for subsurface scattering of light with translucent blocks. 'Off' 'Hardcoded' 'Hardcoded+lab' (default) 'labPBR Only'
Indirect Light
Indirect Lighting Resolution
Filtering	'Off' does not smooth the lighting across blocks and can leave a visible grid of block illumination indoors and underground; faster. 'On' smooth lighting; slower
SSPT	When enabled Screen-Space Path-Tracing improves quality of reflections and shadows from light-sources which are in frame, at a moderate performance cost.
Samples per Pixel
Lightmap Blending
Long Range SSPT	In the 'Extreme' profile this is off. Do you want to try it? Do you feel lucky, punk?
Bounces
Emission Distance
Emission Mode	'Hardcoded', 'Hardcoded + labPBR', 'labPBR only'
Texture AO	Texture ambient occlusion
SSAO Fallback	Allows the shader to use screen space ambient occlusion when SSPT is not available

Terrain

Options that control how solid surfaces and the surface over-world are rendered, which includes:

• puddles
• wind effects
• Parallax Occlusion Mapping
• reflections

Normal Maps	'On' to enable the shader to render Normal Maps (recommended) 'Off' stops rendering Normal Maps [Q: why would a Kappa user disable? How is this not duplicating Optifine?]
Vertex Attribute Fix	may need to enable if POM creates glitchy artefacts
Format	[why not just default to one setting and lose option?]
Refraction	[is this only a water effect? if so, consider moving to water menu?]
Wetness Mode	Setting for how the terrain looks when its raining and after. The default 'Puddles' seems optimal
Ripple Speed
Wind Effects	'On' see grass and leaves waving in the breeze 'Off' disable waving foliage
Intensity	determines the strength of the waving in the wind effect
Parallax Occlusion Mapping
Enabled	'On' to allow POM at some performance cost. Enabling POM 3D textures and structures on specific objects/blocks close to the player - this is resource pack dependent 'Off' doesn't render POM shapes; faster
Samples
Self Shadow Samples
Depth
Reflections
Resource Pack reflections	'Off' (default) no resourcepack specular reflections, faster 'On' to enable reflective properties of blocks as defined by the resource pack, slower (recommended)
Specular Highlights Enabled
Rough Reflections	'On' (default) better more realistic reflections from rough surfaces (as defined by the resource pack) at some performance cost, slower 'Off' no rough reflections, faster
Samples
Screenspace Reflections	Enables reflections from light sources and objects which are on the screen [is this water only, or other reflective surfaces too?]
Reflection Capture	'Off' (default) all reflection properties for a scene are calculated in real time 'On' attempts to compute the reflection map less frequently to improve performance (but can result in sparkly glitches).
Roughness Threshold
Sky Occlusion Threshold

Camera

Settings for how the virtual camera of Kappa Shader sees the world.

Sensor Width (mm)
F-Stops	Lower values give a narrow/short focus range which makes the image focus at one depth at the centre of the screen, and blurry nearer and/or further from the player. Higher values give a longer focus range, so that more of the image is clearly in focus at one time. Only relevant when Depth of Field (DoF) is enabled.
Anamorph Stretch
Bloom
Enabled	'On' (default) to enable bloom so that bright light extends beyond its borders. 'Off' disables the effect
Strength	Adjusts the strength and size of the bloom effect
Depth of Field
Depth of Field	'On' to create photographic bokeh focus effects at a small performance cost. 'Off' disables the feature; faster
Quality	Low medium and high settings
Chromatic Dispersion	'On' simulates how a camera lens refracts light to make dispersion color effects 'Off' disables the effect
Chromatic Offset Scale
Exposure
Decay	Lower values make auto-exposure change slowly. Higher values make auto-exposure react faster.
Bias	Lower values reduce the exposure and result in a darker image. Higher values increase the exposure and give a brighter, lighter image.
Dark Limit	Lower values prevent dark spaces being very dark. Higher values allow darker exposure (making night and caves darker)
Bright Limit	Lower values allow bright light to be very bright, making sunlight saturated. Higher values limit the sun brightness - virtual sun-glasses.
Advanced Exposure
Bright Percentage
Dark Percentage
Exposure Bright Weight
Exposure Dark Weight
Manual Exposure Override
Exposure Value
Lens Flare
Flare	Lens flare effect reproduces the rings and circles in a row across the image you can get when a camera is pointed in the general direction of the sun. 'Off' (default) disables the effect.
Halo	Halo effect can produce a light ring around the sun in certain conditions. 'Off' (default) disables the effect.
Flare Intensity	Higher values make the effect more pronounced. Lower values and a more subtle effect may be better. Season to taste.
Threshold
Flare Count
Flare Spacing
Halo Radius	Lower values give a smaller halo circle. You might want to adjust this depending on your monitor resolution.
Halo Depth
Motion Blur
Enabled	Motion blur 'On' smooths/blurs movement between frames and may be beneficial for users with lower FPS. 'Off' may be better for higher FPS and a crisper image.
Samples
Scale
Vignette
Enabled	Vignette 'On' makes the edges of the screen a bit darker replicating how some cameras captured light, or how a film looks when shown through a projector. 'Off' (default) disables the effect.
Start	Lower values make the effect start closer to the centre of the field of view. The default value of 0.15 is quite close to the centre, giving a wide deep vignette. If you're experimenting with this effect consider increasing.
End	Defines the end of the darkening vignette effect. If End is less than Start then the effect gets reversed, with a dark centre and lighter border to the screen.
Intensity	[subtle - can't see much change?]
Exponent	Lower values make the Vignette effect more pronounced, If set too low introduces an artefact at the Start of the effect. Higher values make the effect more subtle.

Post

These settings allow you to change elements of the color grading and other post-processing effects like anti-aliasing.

System Requirements

Minimum
CPU	Allocated Memory	Graphics Card	Recommended Resolution	Operating System
AMD FX 4000 Series or Intel Core i3 3000 Series	2GB	AMD RX 460 or nVidia GeForce GTX 760	1280x720	Windows or Linux
Recommended for Medium Settings
CPU	Allocated Memory	Graphics Card	Recommended Resolution	Operating System
AMD Ryzen 1000 Series or Intel Core i5 4000 Series	4GB	AMD RX 480 or nVidia GeForce GTX 1060	1920x1080	Windows or Linux
Recommended for High Settings
CPU	Allocated Memory	Graphics Card	Recommended Resolution	Operating System
AMD Ryzen 1000 Series or Intel Core i5 4000 Series	4GB	AMD RX Vega 56 or nVidia GeForce GTX 1070	1920x1080	Windows or Linux

The Default settings are equivalent to High.

Mesa 20 drivers or newer are recommended for AMD configurations using Linux. Intel Graphics are not guaranteed to be compatible. Intel 5000 series and below not compatible.

For attempting to run on Intel, a few things can be used.

• Don't use low profile as it doesn't look right

• Set the full screen resolution in optifine by video settings\other\fullscreen resolution

• Running the game at full screen

• Turning down the render quality in optifine (Lower values are much faster at the loss of quality)

• If needed, the optifine shadow setting can be turned down for even worse looking but faster shadows

• Using resolution scaling mods such as https://www.curseforge.com/minecraft/mc-mods/resolutioncontrol

• Turning down the shadow resolution via shadows in the shader options

• Turning down the Minecraft Render Distance

• Set power mode to high performance or ultimate performance

• if using a laptop keep it plugged in